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P-values, z-scores, t-test

P-values, z-scores, and t-tests

Statistical tests are a set of standard tests that allows you to characterize the data and make meaningful conclusions about the results 


Resource:  Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations (European Journal of Epidemiology) 

Type: Journal article 
Who it’s for: Anyone who produces or consumes statistical knowledge is well-served by reading this article. 
Why we love it: Statistical tests are often misinterpreted by those conducting these tests and those who later read their work. This article goes over 25 common misinterpretations and offers constructive advice for those interested in good statistical practice. 


Resource: 9.2 - 9.4 in Hypothesis Testing (Introduction to Applied Statistics for Psychology Students – University of Saskatchewan Open Press) 

Type: Textbook chapter 
Who it’s for: Anyone looking for an in-depth but quite accessible introduction or refresher on z-tests, t-tests, and p-values for a mean or proportion.  
Why we love it: This resource draws on mathematical equations, visuals, and intuition to help explain key concepts. In addition, there is helpful commentary regarding how different academic disciplines treat p-values. 


Resource:When to use z or t statistics in significance tests (Khan Academy) 

Type: Video 
Who it’s for: This very quick video refresher helps you distinguish when to use z or t statistics but is not a complete introduction. 
Why we love it: This is a quick, no-nonsense refresher/primer on scores and t tests.