Inference

It's the process of utilizing data analysis in order to infer properties of the underlying distribution of probability.  

Resource: Chapter 5 Statistical Inference (University of Toronto Statistics) 

Type: Textbook chapter 
Who it’s for: Anyone with literacy in statistics and calculus looking for an in-depth dive into statistical inference. 
Why we love it: This chapter treats the question of why we need statistics, inference with probability models, statistical models, data collection, and basic inferences in significant details and using applied examples.